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Hydrogen is a combustible gas and is the lightest gas among the elements on earth. Further, its heat conduction is very high, it has low viscosity, and diffuses rapidly. Although there are many methods of manufacturing hydrogen, it is mainly manufactured using fossil fuels such as natural gas and naphtha as raw materials industrially. It is widely used in the field of optical fiber manufacturing and semiconductors in addition to rocket propellant and clean energy for cars.

Carbon dioxide gas is highly soluble in water (which then becomes carbonated water) and reacts with other substances; however, it is an inert gas that hardly reacts with other substances when dry. High-purity liquefied carbon dioxide can be obtained using by-product gas as the raw material mainly from petrochemicals/petroleum refining or steelworks, etc. Carbonated water and dry ice are familiar in terms of life; however, apart from that, it is used for molding sand molds for casting, carbon dioxide encapsulation welding, paint, solvent, fire extinguishing agent, food storage, sterilization gas, etc.

Helium is inert, does not combine with other elements or compounds under normal conditions, and is the coldest gas when in liquid form. Due to its low content in the air, it is produced as a by-product of natural gas that contains more than 0.5% helium when considering manufacturing cost. It is mainly used for cooling electric coils of MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), atmospheric gas for optical fiber sintering, and breathing mixed gas (diving gas), etc.

Argon is a tasteless and odorless gas and makes up only 0.93% of air. Chemically, it has extremely inert properties that do not combine with other elements even at high temperature and high pressure. Taking advantage of its characteristics, it is used for atmospheric gases, metal refining, etc. in fields such as semiconductors and steel including welding. It is also used for silicon single crystals, which are used as substrates for semiconductors.

Oxygen is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas, and makes up about 21% (by volume) of air. It is chemically very active, has strong ability to oxidize (i.e., burn) other matter, and combines with many elements. Also, it plays an integral role in the life support of organisms through breathing. In addition to being used for furnace blowing in the steel industry, etc., using the property of burning and oxidizing, it is used for welding and cutting steel materials, and in oxidation reaction processes in the chemical field. Further, it is used in a wide range of fields such as oxygen inhalation in the medical field, wastewater treatment for environmental measures, and rocket propellants.